Before explaining the term “Kubernetes,” it is essential to remember what a container is. A container is an application and all its dependencies, delivered in a standard, ready-to-use format called an image (following a standard itself called OCI for Open Container Interface). Containers are great because they allow you to run an application on any infrastructure, provided that it is ready to host these containers. You have probably already heard of this technology, which Docker popularized.
But why use Kubernetes if containers already exist?
Even when using containers, they only focus on the “application” part. There are still configurations to be made to make the application accessible, secure, and backed up. DevOps operators work around these configurations, often using other software. This makes the deployment of container images specific to the target application. What’s more, these containers do not have built-in scalability features, which the operator must also manage.
Never mind, here comes Kubernetes! This is what is known as a container orchestrator. Its primary role is to do away with the “VM” paradigm and focus on a “cluster” vision. In other words, we deliberately free ourselves from the underlying hardware and OS to create Kubernetes clusters that can combine different hardware and software. What Kubernetes does is provide a set of standardized APIs for users to interact with the underlying container engine (you may have heard of cri-o or containerd? These are container runtimes), regardless of the nature of the applications running inside.
But what else do they do?
Kubernetes, also known as Kube or even k8s, is not a heavy overlay. It is an overlay, an additional middleware that needs to be understood, but whose return on investment allows us to support our customers in transforming their legacy applications into so-called “cloud-native” versions (i.e., ready to run in a cloud environment, of which Kubernetes is a cornerstone).
Kubernetes also coordinates networking between containers, to and from the outside world; automates the dynamic provisioning of storage; and greatly simplifies steps such as generating a Let’s Encrypt SSL certificate, which previously required human intervention or configuration.
Many communities insist that the only benefit of Kubernetes is the automation of application scalability. This is not true; it is one of the features offered, but not the only one. The DevOps team at Cloudéo has noticed that for a web application deployment, you gain about half a day to a full day of production time between an “old-fashioned” deployment and a deployment via Kubernetes.
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